Blar i Artikler fra Kunnskapssenteret på forfatter "Oxman, Andrew David"
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Assessing equity in clinical practice guidelines.
Dans, Antonio Miguel; Dans, Leonila; Oxman, Andrew David; Robinson, Vivian; Acuin, Joselito; Tugwell, Peter; Dennis, Rodolfo; Kang, Deying (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2007-06)Recognition of the need for systematically developed clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) has increased dramatically over the past 20 years. CPGs have focused primarily on the effectiveness of interventions, explicitly or ... -
Educational outreach to general practitioners reduces children's asthma symptoms: a cluster randomised controlled trial.
Zwarenstein, Merrick; Bheekie, Angeni; Lombard, Carl; Swingler, George; Ehrlich, Rodney; Eccles, Martin; Sladden, Michael; Pather, Sandra; Grimshaw, Jeremy; Oxman, Andrew David (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2007)ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Childhood asthma is common in Cape Town, a province of South Africa, but is underdiagnosed by general practitioners. Medications are often prescribed inappropriately, and care is episodic. The objective ... -
The effect of alternative graphical displays used to present the benefits of antibiotics for sore throat on decisions about whether to seek treatment: a randomized trial.
Carling, Cheryl L L; Kristoffersen, Doris Tove; Flottorp, Signe; Fretheim, Atle; Oxman, Andrew David; Schünemann, Holger J; Akl, Elie A; Herrin, Jeph; MacKenzie, Thomas D; Montori, Victor M (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2009-08-25)BACKGROUND: We conducted an Internet-based randomized trial comparing four graphical displays of the benefits of antibiotics for people with sore throat who must decide whether to go to the doctor to seek treatment. Our ... -
The effect of alternative summary statistics for communicating risk reduction on decisions about taking statins: a randomized trial.
Carling, Cheryl L L; Kristoffersen, Doris Tove; Montori, Victor M; Herrin, Jeph; Schünemann, Holger J; Treweek, Shaun; Akl, Elie A; Oxman, Andrew David (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2009-08-25)BACKGROUND: While different ways of presenting treatment effects can affect health care decisions, little is known about which presentations best help people make decisions consistent with their own values. We compared six ... -
The effect of how outcomes are framed on decisions about whether to take antihypertensive medication: a randomized trial.
Carling, Cheryl L L; Kristoffersen, Doris Tove; Oxman, Andrew David; Flottorp, Signe Agnes; Fretheim, Atle; Schünemann, Holger J; Akl, Elie A; Herrin, Jeph; MacKenzie, Thomas D; Montori, Victor M (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2010-03-01)BACKGROUND: We conducted an Internet-based randomized trial comparing three valence framing presentations of the benefits of antihypertensive medication in preventing cardiovascular disease (CVD) for people with newly ... -
The effects of mandatory prescribing of thiazides for newly treated, uncomplicated hypertension: interrupted time-series analysis.
Fretheim, Atle; Håvelsrud, Kari; MacLennan, Graeme; Kristoffersen, Doris Tove; Oxman, Andrew David (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2007-07)BACKGROUND: The purpose of our study was to evaluate the effects of a new reimbursement rule for antihypertensive medication that made thiazides mandatory first-line drugs for newly treated, uncomplicated hypertension. The ... -
Evidence-informed health policy 1 - Synthesis of findings from a multi-method study of organizations that support the use of research evidence.
Lavis, John N; Oxman, Andrew David; Moynihan, Ray; Paulsen, Elizabeth J (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2008-12-17)ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Organizations have been established in many countries and internationally to support the use of research evidence by producing clinical practice guidelines, undertaking health technology assessments, ... -
Evidence-informed health policy 2 - Survey of organizations that support the use of research evidence.
Lavis, John N; Paulsen, Elizabeth J; Oxman, Andrew David; Moynihan, Ray (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2008)ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Previous surveys of organizations that support the development of evidence-informed health policies have focused on organizations that produce clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) or undertake health ... -
Evidence-informed health policy 3 - Interviews with the directors of organizations that support the use of research evidence.
Lavis, John N; Oxman, Andrew David; Moynihan, Ray; Paulsen, Elizabeth J (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2008-12-17)ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Only a small number of previous efforts to describe the experiences of organizations that produce clinical practice guidelines (CPGs), undertake health technology assessments (HTAs), or directly support ... -
Evidence-informed health policy 4 - Case descriptions of organizations that support the use of research evidence.
Lavis, John N; Moynihan, Ray; Oxman, Andrew David; Paulsen, Elizabeth J (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2008-12-17)ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Previous efforts to produce case descriptions have typically not focused on the organizations that produce research evidence and support its use. External evaluations of such organizations have typically ... -
A framework for mandatory impact evaluation to ensure well informed public policy decisions.
Oxman, Andrew David; Bjørndal, Arild; Becerra-Posada, Francisco; Gibson, Mark; Block, Miguel Angel Gonzalez; Haines, Andy; Hamid, Maimunah; Odom, Carmen Hooker; Lei, Haichao; Levin, Ben; Lipsey, Mark W; Littell, Julia H; Mshinda, Hassan; Ongolo-Zogo, Pierre; Pang, Tikki; Sewankambo, Nelson; Songane, Francisco; Soydan, Haluk; Torgerson, Carole; Weisburd, David; Whitworth, Judith; Wibulpolprasert, Suwit (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2010-01-30) -
GRADE: an emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations.
Guyatt, Gordon H; Oxman, Andrew David; Vist, Gunn Elisabeth; Kunz, Regina; Falck-Ytter, Yngve; Alonso-Coello, Pablo; Schünemann, Holger J (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2008-04-26) -
Grading quality of evidence and strength of recommendations.
Atkins, David; Best, Dana; Briss, Peter A; Eccles, Martin; Falck-Ytter, Yngve; Flottorp, Signe; Guyatt, Gordon H; Harbour, Robin T; Haugh, Margaret C; Henry, David; Hill, Suzanne; Jaeschke, Roman; Leng, Gillian; Liberati, Alessandro; Magrini, Nicola; Mason, James; Middleton, Philippa; Mrukowicz, Jacek; O'Connell, Dianne; Oxman, Andrew David; Phillips, Bob; Schünemann, Holger J; Edejer, Tessa Tan-Torres; Varonen, Helena; Vist, Gunn Elisabeth; Williams, John W; Zaza, Stephanie (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2004-06-19)Users of clinical practice guidelines and other recommendations need to know how much confidence they can place in the recommendations. Systematic and explicit methods of making judgments can reduce errors and improve ... -
How should the impact of different presentations of treatment effects on patient choice be evaluated? A pilot randomized trial.
Carling, Cheryl; Kristoffersen, Doris Tove; Herrin, Jeph; Treweek, Shaun; Oxman, Andrew David; Schünemann, Holger; Akl, Elie A; Montori, Victor (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2008-11-24)BACKGROUND: Different presentations of treatment effects can affect decisions. However, previous studies have not evaluated which presentations best help people make decisions that are consistent with their own values. We ... -
Improving the reporting of pragmatic trials: an extension of the CONSORT statement.
Zwarenstein, Merrick; Treweek, Shaun; Gagnier, Joel J; Altman, Douglas G; Tunis, Sean; Haynes, Brian; Oxman, Andrew David; Moher, David (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2008-11-11)BACKGROUND: The CONSORT statement is intended to improve reporting of randomised controlled trials and focuses on minimising the risk of bias (internal validity). The applicability of a trial's results (generalisability ... -
Improving the use of research evidence in guideline development: 10. Integrating values and consumer involvement.
Schünemann, Holger J; Fretheim, Atle; Oxman, Andrew David (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2006-12-05)BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization (WHO), like many other organisations around the world, has recognised the need to use more rigorous processes to ensure that health care recommendations are informed by the best ... -
Improving the use of research evidence in guideline development: 12. Incorporating considerations of equity.
Oxman, Andrew David; Schünemann, Holger J; Fretheim, Atle (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2006-12-05)BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization (WHO), like many other organisations around the world, has recognised the need to use more rigorous processes to ensure that health care recommendations are informed by the best ... -
Improving the use of research evidence in guideline development: 13. Applicability, transferability and adaptation.
Schünemann, Holger J; Fretheim, Atle; Oxman, Andrew David (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2006-12-08)BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization (WHO), like many other organisations around the world, has recognised the need to use more rigorous processes to ensure that health care recommendations are informed by the best ... -
Improving the use of research evidence in guideline development: 14. Reporting guidelines.
Oxman, Andrew David; Schünemann, Holger J; Fretheim, Atle (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2006-12-08)BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization (WHO), like many other organisations around the world, has recognised the need to use more rigorous processes to ensure that health care recommendations are informed by the best ... -
Improving the use of research evidence in guideline development: 15. Disseminating and implementing guidelines.
Fretheim, Atle; Schünemann, Holger J; Oxman, Andrew David (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2006-12-08)BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization (WHO), like many other organisations around the world, has recognised the need to use more rigorous processes to ensure that health care recommendations are informed by the best ...