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dc.contributor.authorNübler, Stefanie
dc.contributor.authorLópez, Marta Esteban
dc.contributor.authorCastaño, Argelia
dc.contributor.authorMol, Hans
dc.contributor.authorSchäfer, Moritz
dc.contributor.authorHaji-Abbas-Zarrabi, Karin
dc.contributor.authorBury, Daniel
dc.contributor.authorKoch, Holger M.
dc.contributor.authorVaccher, Vincent
dc.contributor.authorAntignac, Jean-Philippe
dc.contributor.authorDvorakova, Darina
dc.contributor.authorHajslova, Jana
dc.contributor.authorThomsen, Cathrine
dc.contributor.authorVorkamp, Katrin
dc.contributor.authorGöen, Thomas
dc.date.accessioned2022-07-26T13:26:03Z
dc.date.available2022-07-26T13:26:03Z
dc.date.created2021-05-25T13:13:31Z
dc.date.issued2021
dc.identifier.citationInternational Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health. 2021, .
dc.identifier.issn1438-4639
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11250/3008656
dc.description.abstractHuman biomonitoring (HBM) of cadmium is essential to assess and prevent toxic exposure. Generally, low cadmium levels in urine and blood of the general population place particularly high demands on quality assurance and control measures (QA/QC) for cadmium determination. One of the aims of the HBM4EU project is to harmonize and advance HBM in Europe. Cadmium is one of the chemicals selected as a priority substance for HBM implementation in the 30 European countries under HBM4EU. For this purpose, analytical comparability and accuracy of the analytical laboratories of participating countries was investigated in a QA/QC programme comprising interlaboratory comparison investigations (ICI) and external quality assurance schemes (EQUAS). This paper presents the evaluation process and discusses the results of four ICI/EQUAS rounds for the deter-mination of cadmium in urine and blood. The majority of the 43 participating laboratories achieved satisfactory results, although low limits of quantification were required to quantify Cd concentrations at general population exposure levels. The relative standard deviation of the participants’ results obtained from all ICI and EQUAS runs ranged from 8 to 36% for cadmium in urine and 8–28% for cadmium in blood. Applying inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), using an internal standard, and eliminating molybdenum oxide in-terferences was favourable for the accurate determination of cadmium in urine and blood. Furthermore, the analysis of cadmium in urine was found to have a critical point at approximately 0.05 μg/l, below which vari-ability increased and laboratory proficiency decreased. This QA/QC programme succeeded in establishing a network of laboratories with high analytical comparability and accuracy for the analysis of cadmium across 20 European countries.
dc.language.isoeng
dc.titleInterlaboratory comparison investigations (ICI) and external quality assurance schemes (EQUAS) for cadmium in urine and blood: Results from the HBM4EU project
dc.typePeer reviewed
dc.typeJournal article
dc.description.versionpublishedVersion
dc.source.pagenumber9
dc.source.journalInternational Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.ijheh.2021.113711
dc.identifier.cristin1911705
cristin.ispublishedtrue
cristin.fulltextoriginal
cristin.qualitycode1


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