COPD and 20-year hearing decline: The HUNT cohort study

Abstract

Background: We aimed to assess the association between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and long-term hearing decline. A further aim was to study sex differences. Methods: Population-based cohort study in Norway (the HUNT study) with baseline measurements in 1996–1998 and follow-up in 2017–2019. The sample included 12,082 participants (43% men, mean age at follow-up 64 years). We used multiple linear regression to assess the association between COPD (minimum one registered ICD-10 code with emphysema or other COPDs during follow-up) and 20-year hearing decline in the low/mid/high frequency area (0.25–0.5/1–2/3-8 kHz). We adjusted for age, sex, education, smoking, noise exposure, ear infections, hypertension and diabetes. Results: Persons registered with COPD (N = 403) had larger 20-year hearing decline at low frequencies (1.5 dB, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.6–2.3) and mid frequencies (1.2 dB, 95% CI 0.4–2.1), but not at high frequencies. At high frequencies, the association was stronger and statistically significant only among women (1.9 dB, 95% CI 0.6–3.2). Persons registered with both COPD and respiratory failure (N = 19) had larger 20-year hearing decline at low and mid frequencies: 7.4 dB (95% CI 3.6–11.2) and 4.5 dB (95% CI 0.7–8.4), respectively. Conclusion: Our large cohort study shows an association between COPD and increased long-term hearing decline. Women seem to be more susceptible to COPD-related hearing loss at high frequencies. The findings support that COPD can affect the cochlear function